Nonprofit Website Design: Governance Before Aesthetics

Why Beautiful Nonprofit Websites Fail Institutionally

Your organization spent £15k on beautiful website design.

Award-worthy aesthetics. Modern layouts. Stunning photography. Elegant typography.

Then reality hits:

Month 3: Board member asks "How do we verify accessibility compliance?" Nobody knows. Documentation doesn't exist.

Month 6: New programme launch needs landing page. Communications team can't create it without breaking design. Waiting 2 weeks for designer availability.

Month 9: Funder due diligence asks about stakeholder navigation rationale. Communications Director can't explain decisions because frameworks were never established.

Month 12: Leadership transition. New Communications Director inherits beautiful site they can't govern because institutional knowledge only existed in predecessor's head.

Year 2: Planning £18k redesign because original design created dependency, not infrastructure.

Total cost over 5 years: £15k original + £5k fixes + £18k redesign + £5k fixes = £43k recurring.

This isn't design agency failure. This is category error.

Nonprofits need institutional infrastructure that happens to look good.

Agencies deliver beautiful design that doesn't function institutionally.

What "Nonprofit Website Design" Actually Means (vs. What Agencies Think)

What Agencies Hear: "Make It Look Professional"

Typical design agency approach:

Discovery (2 weeks):

• Brand workshop
• Competitor research
• Design inspiration
• Colour palette selection
• Typography choices

Design (6 weeks):

• Homepage mockups (3 concepts)
• Internal page templates
• Mobile responsive layouts
• Stakeholder revisions
• Final design approval

Development (8 weeks):

• Build approved designs
• Content population
• Quality assurance testing
• Launch

Deliverable: Beautiful website that looks modern and professional.

What's missing: Everything nonprofits actually need institutionally.

What Communications Directors Actually Need: "Build Governance Infrastructure"

What established nonprofits require:

Stakeholder Navigation Framework — Board-endorsed hierarchy determining who's prioritized when interests conflict (beneficiaries vs donors vs Board vs regulators).

Content Governance Structure — Multi-user publishing workflows enabling team independence whilst maintaining institutional standards.

Accessibility Compliance Architecture — WCAG AA standards built structurally with verification documentation Board can review.

Institutional Continuity Planning — Documentation enabling successor Communications Directors to govern inherited infrastructure.

Performance Credibility Baseline — 90+ Lighthouse scores maintained automatically without technical optimization knowledge.

Board Oversight Capability — Trustees can verify institutional obligations met without depending on current staff knowledge.

Design agencies don't deliver these because they're solving wrong problem.

They think: "Nonprofits need beautiful, modern, user-friendly websites."

Reality: "Nonprofits need governance infrastructure enabling institutional credibility, team independence, and Board oversight — whilst also looking professional."

The Design-First Failure Pattern

Year 0: Beautiful Launch

Agency delivers stunning design:

• Modern, elegant, professional
• Donor journey optimized
• Mobile responsive
• Photography is gorgeous
• Board approves aesthetics

Everyone celebrates launch. Design is beautiful.

Year 1: Cracks Appear

Q1: Campaign launch needs landing page. Team can't create without designer. 2-week delay costs funding opportunity.

Q2: Accessibility audit (funder requirement) reveals WCAG violations. £3-5k remediation project fixing what should have been architectural.

Q3: New programme description needed. Team edits content, breaks mobile layout accidentally. £800 designer fix.

Q4: Leadership transition. New Communications Director can't understand inherited stakeholder navigation. No documentation exists.

Year 2: Governance Gaps Exposed

Board asks: "How do we verify we're meeting institutional obligations through our website?"

Communications Director realizes:

• No accessibility verification documentation
• No stakeholder framework Board endorsed
• No content governance enabling oversight
• No institutional continuity planning
• Site depends entirely on current staff knowledge

Funder due diligence reveals credibility gaps costing £80-180k grant opportunities.

Year 3: Redesign Cycle Begins

Planning another £18k rebuild because:

• Original design created dependency, not independence
• Stakeholder conflicts require architectural solution
• Accessibility compliance needs structural implementation
• Board requires governance frameworks enabling oversight

Total investment over 3 years: £15k + £8k fixes + £18k redesign = £41k.

For what? Same problems recurring because governance infrastructure was never established.

Why Design Agencies Miss Institutional Requirements

Design agencies aren't incompetent.

They're solving different problem than nonprofits face.

Agencies Optimize for Launch Day Aesthetics

Success metrics agencies use:

• Design looks modern and professional ✓
• Stakeholder feedback positive ✓
• Launch timeline met ✓
• Budget maintained ✓

These matter. But they're insufficient for institutional clients.

Nonprofits Require 18-Month Institutional Resilience

Success metrics nonprofits actually need:

Month 6: Team publishes campaign pages independently without designer intervention.

Month 12: New Communications Director governs site effectively using documentation.

Month 18: Board confidently verifies institutional obligations met during funder due diligence.

Month 24: Zero remediation projects fixing governance gaps that should have been architectural.

Agencies measure success at launch. Nonprofits measure success 18-24 months later.

That timeline mismatch creates recurring £15-25k rebuild cycles.

The Category Error: Consumer vs. Institutional Design

Consumer product design (what agencies excel at):

• Single stakeholder audience
• Individual user experience optimization
• Aesthetic differentiation
• Conversion optimization
• Launch day success

Institutional infrastructure design (what nonprofits need):

• Multi-stakeholder navigation architecture
• Governance frameworks surviving personnel changes
• Compliance verification documentation
• Board oversight capability
• 18-24 month resilience

Design agencies apply consumer methodology to institutional clients.

Beautiful results. Wrong solution.

What Governance-First Design Actually Looks Like

Governance-first doesn't mean ugly or bureaucratic.

It means establishing institutional frameworks before aesthetic implementation.

Phase 1: Governance Architecture (Before Design Begins)

Stakeholder Framework Workshop (Week 1-2)

Work with Board and leadership to establish:

• Primary stakeholders: Who has power, legitimacy, and urgency simultaneously? (Typically 3 groups maximum: beneficiaries, Board/regulators, donors/funders)
• Navigation hierarchy: How do we resolve conflicts when stakeholder interests compete?
• Decision documentation: What rationale enables successor leadership to understand inherited choices?

Deliverable: Board-endorsed stakeholder navigation framework documented in governance materials.

Accessibility Requirements Assessment (Week 2-3)

Determine compliance obligations:

• Legal requirements: What WCAG level must you meet? (AA standard for UK charities)
• Values alignment: How do accessibility standards reflect inclusion mission?
• Verification protocols: How will Board verify ongoing compliance?
• Remediation planning: What happens when violations occur?

Deliverable: Accessibility compliance framework with verification documentation.

Content Governance Structure (Week 3-4)

Establish publishing frameworks:

• Multi-user workflows: Who can publish what content types?
• Approval processes: When does leadership review before publication?
• Brand consistency: How do standards maintain across team publishing?
• Institutional continuity: How does documentation enable successor management?

Deliverable: Content governance protocols enabling team independence within standards.

Performance Baseline Definition (Week 4)

Set technical standards:

• Lighthouse scores: What's acceptable minimum? (90+ recommended)
• Page speed: What load time meets donor expectations?
• Mobile experience: How do standards apply across devices?
• Monitoring protocols: How is ongoing performance verified?

Deliverable: Technical performance standards with monitoring framework.

Phase 2: Design Implementation (After Governance Established)

Only after governance frameworks exist:

Visual Design (Week 5-8)

Now design decisions serve governance requirements:

• Stakeholder navigation reflects Board-endorsed hierarchy
• Accessibility standards built into visual system
• Content architecture enables team publishing safely
• Performance optimization architectural, not retrofitted

Design serves governance. Not decoration.

Development (Week 9-14)

Build on framework providing editorial safety:

• Lumos framework (or equivalent) for accessibility + team independence
• Component-based architecture enabling safe editing
• Performance optimization built structurally
• Governance documentation integrated architecturally

Team Training (Week 14-15)

Communications team learns:

• How to publish within governance frameworks
• Where stakeholder navigation decisions documented
• How to verify accessibility compliance
• When to escalate governance questions to Board

Board Presentation (Week 16)

Present to trustees:

• Governance frameworks they endorsed
• How website implements institutional requirements
• Verification protocols enabling oversight
• Institutional continuity documentation

Trustees understand not just "here's pretty website" but "here's governance infrastructure you can oversee."

Real Examples: Design-First vs. Governance-First

Do Good Daniels: When Beautiful Design Isn't Enough

Design-first approach (previous agency):

• Hired design agency for £15k
• Beautiful, modern, elegant design delivered
• Stakeholder feedback positive during build
• Launched successfully on time and budget

6 months later:

• Board apologizing for site during funder meetings
• Couldn't explain stakeholder navigation rationale
• No governance documentation existed
• Site looked good but functioned poorly institutionally

Governance-first rebuild:

• £2,500 Blueprint Audit revealed governance gaps, not design problems
• Established stakeholder framework Board endorsed
• Built accessibility verification Board could review
• Created institutional continuity documentation

Result:

• Board shares site with pride
• Institutional credibility matches operational sophistication
• Governance frameworks enable oversight
• Team publishes independently within standards

Learning: Beautiful design without governance creates credibility gaps design can't solve.

Territorio de Zaguates: Why DIY Design Fails

DIY design approach (IT person built themselves):

• Looked okay aesthetically
• Saved money short-term
• Met basic functional requirements

Problems emerged:

• Team couldn't edit without breaking layouts
• Accessibility compliance failed audit
• Performance issues (slow, poor mobile experience)
• 1,800+ dogs, 378 hectares operation looked amateur

Governance-first proper implementation:

• Lumos framework providing editorial safety
• Accessibility built architecturally (WCAG AA met)
• Performance optimized structurally (90+ Lighthouse)
• Team independence enabled through safe editing

Result:

• Site communicates organizational scale accurately
• Team manages content independently
• Accessibility verified with documentation
• International donor confidence increased

Learning: Being on "good platform" isn't enough without proper governance implementation.

WHO Foundation: Exceeding "Lift and Shift" Through Governance

Original brief: "Lift and shift"

• Migrate WordPress to Webflow
• Keep scope minimal
• Match existing design
• Don't change much

Governance-first approach:

• Treated migration as governance opportunity
• Improved SEO structure during migration
• Enhanced donor experience whilst maintaining brand
• Built team independence into implementation

Results (6 months):

• Organic traffic tripled (SEO improvements)
• Team creates donation pages independently
• Zero maintenance burden (WordPress eliminated)
• Exceeded conservative brief through governance thinking

JC Garay, Head of Communication:"Even when our brief was to 'lift and shift' our site to Webflow, Eric found ways to enhance our donor experience and improve our SEO, all within budget."

Learning: Governance-first thinking improves outcomes even with conservative scope.

Governance vs. Design: Quick Comparison

How to Evaluate Design Proposals (Red Flags vs. Green Flags)

🚩 Red Flags in Agency Proposals

"We'll create 3 homepage concepts for you to choose from"

• Focuses on aesthetics before governance
• Stakeholder framework not established
• Board endorsement absent

"Beautiful, modern, mobile-responsive design"

• Generic benefits any agency delivers
• No institutional requirements mentioned
• Consumer design methodology

"User experience optimized for conversions"

• Single stakeholder assumption (just donors)
• Multi-stakeholder navigation not addressed
• Commercial thinking applied to institutional context

"Accessibility will be tested before launch"

• Retrofit approach, not architectural
• No verification documentation mentioned
• Board oversight capability absent

"Deliverable: Custom WordPress theme"

• Creates ongoing maintenance dependency
• Plugin vulnerability not addressed
• Team editorial safety not mentioned

Timeline: Discovery (2 weeks) → Design (6 weeks) → Development (8 weeks)

• No governance phase before design
• Stakeholder framework skipped entirely
• Board endorsement missing from process

Payment: 50% deposit, 50% on completion

• Success defined as launch, not 18-month resilience
• No accountability for governance outcomes
• Agency gets paid regardless of institutional fit

✅ Green Flags in Specialist Proposals

"Blueprint Audit establishes governance requirements before design begins"

• Governance precedes aesthetics
• Stakeholder framework will be documented
• Board involvement from start

"Board workshop to endorse stakeholder navigation hierarchy"

• Institutional governance built into process
• Trustees involved appropriately
• Framework documented before design

"WCAG AA compliance built architecturally with verification documentation"

• Accessibility structural, not retrofitted
• Board oversight capability included
• Institutional values aligned

"Content governance enabling team independence within standards"

• Multi-user publishing addressed
• Editorial safety mentioned
• Successor planning considered

"Implementation using Lumos framework for editorial safety"

• Specific methodology for team independence
• Framework-based approach (not custom positioning)
• Known best practices applied

"Success measured 18 months post-launch, not launch day"

• Long-term institutional thinking
• Accountability for governance outcomes
• Partnership approach vs. transactional project

"Monthly subscription enabling continuous evolution"

• Infrastructure thinking vs. project mentality
• Ongoing partnership vs. one-time delivery
• Never becomes obsolete

Common Objections to Governance-First Approach

"This Sounds Bureaucratic and Slow"

Objection: "Governance workshops and Board involvement will delay launch by months. We need website now."

Reality: Governance-first is faster long-term.

Design-first timeline:

• Year 0: 4 months build + launch
• Year 1: 2 months fixing accessibility gaps
• Year 2: 3 months remediation addressing stakeholder conflicts
• Year 3: 6 months redesign establishing frameworks that should have existed
• Total: 15 months over 3 years

Governance-first timeline:

• Month 1: Governance framework establishment
• Month 2-4: Implementation with frameworks guiding design
• Month 5+: Ongoing evolution, no remediation needed
• Total: 4 months once, no recurring rebuilds

What feels "bureaucratic" prevents 11 months of expensive remediation.

"Our Board Doesn't Want Website Involvement"

Objection: "Trustees hired Communications Director to handle website. They don't want Board-level involvement."

Reality: Board should govern institutional infrastructure.

Website decisions create fiduciary implications:

• Accessibility violations create legal liability
• Stakeholder navigation affects institutional credibility
• Donor confidence impacts funding sustainability
• Compliance gaps expose regulatory risk

Board can't delegate governance responsibility whilst remaining accountable for institutional outcomes.

Governance-first approach gives trustees oversight capability without micromanaging execution.

Board endorses frameworks. Communications Director executes within them.

That's appropriate governance.

"We Can't Afford £18k Implementation"

Objection: "Governance-first sounds expensive. We can get a standard design agency."

Reality: Total cost comparison over 5 years matters.

£10k design agency:

• Year 0: £10k design
• Year 1: £3k accessibility remediation
• Year 2: £5k stakeholder navigation fixes
• Year 3: £15k redesign (problems recurring)
• Year 4: £4k fixes
• Total: £37k over 5 years

£18k governance-first:

• Year 0: £18k implementation with governance
• Year 1-5: Minimal maintenance (£500-1k annually)
• Total: £20-23k over 5 years

Governance-first costs 35% less long-term whilst delivering institutional infrastructure design-first never provides.

"Beautiful Design Matters for Donor Confidence"

Objection: "Donors care about professional appearance. Governance frameworks don't matter if site looks amateur."

Reality: Both matter. Governance-first includes professional design.

Governance-first doesn't mean ugly. It means:

Design decisions serve governance requirements:

• Stakeholder navigation reflects Board-endorsed framework (not designer intuition)
• Accessibility standards create professional, inclusive experience (not afterthought creating legal risk)
• Performance optimization signals operational competence (not slow site signaling dysfunction)

Donors notice:

• Site speed (slow = unprofessional)
• Mobile experience (broken = incompetent)
• Accessibility (inaccessible = values contradiction)
• Content quality (outdated = organizational neglect)

Governance-first delivers professional design plus institutional infrastructure design-first lacks.

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Making the Governance-First Decision

Questions to Ask Before Hiring Designer

1. Does your proposal include governance framework establishment before design begins?

Look for:

• Stakeholder navigation workshop
• Board endorsement process
• Accessibility requirements assessment
• Content governance structure

If absent: They're applying consumer design to institutional client.

2. How do you measure success 18 months post-launch?

Look for:

• Team publishing independently
• Board oversight capability
• Accessibility compliance verified
• Institutional continuity documentation

If they only measure launch: Transactional project, not institutional partnership.

3. What happens when our Communications Director changes?

Look for:

• Institutional continuity planning
• Documentation enabling successor governance
• Knowledge transfer protocols

If answer is "we'll help train new person": Knowledge exists in heads, not documentation.

4. How does Board verify accessibility compliance ongoing?

Look for:

• WCAG verification documentation
• Audit protocols Board can review
• Remediation planning if violations found

If answer is "we test before launch": One-time checkbox, not ongoing governance capability.

5. What governance frameworks survive designer leaving project?

Look for:

• Documented stakeholder rationale
• Content governance protocols
• Accessibility verification procedures
• Performance monitoring frameworks

If answer is "design files": No institutional infrastructure delivered.

Frequently Asked Questions

What's the difference between nonprofit website design and commercial design?

Nonprofit website design requires institutional governance infrastructure commercial sites don't need: multi-stakeholder navigation frameworks (beneficiaries vs donors vs Board), accessibility compliance with verification documentation, content governance enabling team independence, and Board oversight capability. Commercial design optimizes single-stakeholder user experience for conversions. Different requirements entirely.

How much should nonprofit website design cost?

Design-only approach: £10-15k delivers beautiful aesthetics without governance, requiring £8-12k remediation over 2-3 years. Governance-first approach: £18k includes institutional infrastructure preventing recurring costs. Over 5 years, governance-first costs 30-40% less whilst delivering frameworks design-only never provides. Total cost over time matters more than initial price.

Can our Communications team edit nonprofit website after launch?

Depends on implementation. Generic design agencies deliver sites teams can technically access but break layouts when editing. Governance-first implementation using frameworks like Lumos provides editorial safety: team publishes confidently knowing nothing breaks. WHO Foundation, Do Good Daniels, and Territorio de Zaguates all manage content independently because editorial safety is architectural.

Does Board need to approve website design?

Board should endorse governance frameworks, not aesthetic details. Trustees approve stakeholder navigation hierarchy, accessibility compliance standards, and institutional risk management. Communications Director executes design within frameworks. This enables appropriate Board oversight without micromanaging execution. Governance-first approach gives trustees verification capability design-first lacks.

How long does governance-first nonprofit design take?

Blueprint Audit (governance framework establishment): 2-3 weeks. Implementation with governance: 8-12 weeks. Total: 10-15 weeks including Board endorsement. This feels longer than 4-6 week design-only projects but prevents 12-24 months remediation fixing governance gaps that should have been architectural. Faster long-term, more thorough short-term.

What happens to SEO during nonprofit website redesign?

SEO can improve during redesign if treated as governance opportunity. WHO Foundation's organic traffic tripled post-migration because we improved URL structure, optimized site architecture, and enhanced page speed (90+ Lighthouse scores). Proper 301 redirects preserve existing equity. Redesign should strengthen SEO, not reset it.

Is accessibility really necessary for nonprofit websites?

Yes — legally, ethically, and strategically. UK charities serving public must meet WCAG AA standards under Equality Act 2010. Beyond compliance: accessibility demonstrates inclusion values aren't performative. Inaccessible sites exclude disabled beneficiaries from services whilst claiming inclusion mission. Sophisticated funders evaluate accessibility during due diligence. It's institutional credibility requirement, not optional feature.

Your Next Steps

1. Audit Current Design Approach

Is your website (or proposal) governed by:

• Board-endorsed stakeholder framework?
• Documented accessibility verification protocols?
• Content governance enabling team independence?
• Institutional continuity planning?
• Performance standards with monitoring?

If no to 3+: Design-first approach creating recurring costs.

2. Evaluate Design Proposals Honestly

Red flags indicating consumer design applied to institutional client:

• No governance phase before design
• Board involvement limited to aesthetic approval
• Success measured at launch only
• Accessibility testing before launch (retrofit)
• No institutional continuity documentation

Green flags indicating governance-first specialist:

• Blueprint Audit establishing frameworks first
• Board workshop endorsing governance
• Success measured 18 months post-launch
• Accessibility architectural, not retrofitted
• Institutional continuity planning included

3. Calculate True Cost Over Time

Current/proposed approach:

• Initial design: £___
• Year 1-2 remediation: £___
• Year 3 redesign: £___
• Total over 5 years: £___

Governance-first approach:

• Blueprint Audit: £2,500
• Implementation: £8-18k
• /year
• Total over 5 years: £13-25k

Which provides better long-term value?

4. Define Success Metrics Appropriately

Don't measure success at launch. Measure 18-24 months later:

Month 6: Can team publish independently?Month 12: Can new Communications Director govern effectively?Month 18: Does Board have oversight capability?Month 24: Have remediation costs been avoided?

These determine whether investment created infrastructure or just aesthetics.

Conclusion: Design Serves Governance, Not Decoration

Beautiful nonprofit website design matters.

But beauty without governance infrastructure creates institutional credibility gaps aesthetics can't solve.

Do Good Daniels learned this: £15k beautiful design, Board apologizing 6 months later because governance frameworks didn't exist.

Territorio de Zaguates experienced it: DIY design looked okay but team couldn't manage without breaking everything.

WHO Foundation exceeded it: "Lift and shift" brief became governance opportunity delivering traffic tripled, team independent, costs eliminated.

The pattern is clear:

Design-first approach: Beautiful launch → governance gaps exposed → remediation costs → recurring rebuilds → £30-45k over 5 years.

Governance-first approach: Frameworks established → design serves governance → institutional resilience → minimal ongoing costs → £18-25k over 5 years.

30-40% cost savings whilst delivering institutional infrastructure design-first never provides.

When evaluating design proposals, ask:

"Does this deliver governance frameworks enabling institutional credibility, team independence, and Board oversight — or just beautiful aesthetics requiring expensive remediation?"

Your answer determines whether website investment creates strategic infrastructure or recurring liability.

Ready to establish governance frameworks before design begins?

Get £2,500 Blueprint Audit — Board-endorsed stakeholder framework, accessibility requirements, content governance structure before aesthetic decisions.

Or subscribe at £2,500/month for governance-first implementation if frameworks are clear.

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Further reading:

• Governance before design
• Infrastructure vs design
• Layout frameworks
• Board oversight requirements

What Governance-First Design Produces in Practice

Organisations that anchor design in governance frameworks describe a website that ages better than those built from aesthetic preferences alone. Design trends shift. Governance requirements are stable. A site built around documented audience journeys, accessibility standards, and content ownership frameworks remains functional and relevant long after the visual design choices feel dated.

The design conversation also changes internally. Instead of debating whether the hero image should be full-bleed or contained, the conversation is about whether the stakeholder routing meets the board-endorsed framework. That's a more productive conversation — and it produces better decisions.

Q1: What is a governance-first approach to nonprofit website design?

Governance-first design establishes decision frameworks, accountability structures, and stakeholder priority hierarchy before any visual design work begins. Rather than starting with mood boards or wireframes, it starts with: who is this built for, what decisions does the website reflect, who is accountable for what, and how will it be maintained over time. Design then expresses these governance decisions visually rather than making them through aesthetic choices that are difficult to document or defend.

Q2: Why does design-first thinking fail nonprofit websites?

Design-first thinking produces websites that look good at launch and deteriorate rapidly thereafter. When design choices are made without governance grounding, they reflect the preferences of whoever is in the room. Navigation designed to look elegant becomes unmaintainable as content grows. Sections designed for one purpose get repurposed without consideration of the original intent. Aesthetic coherence degrades because the decisions were never documented in a way that would guide future changes.

Q3: How does a governance framework translate into specific design decisions?

The stakeholder priority framework determines navigation architecture — the primary three stakeholders shape the top-level navigation. The content ownership framework determines CMS architecture — who can edit what informs how structured fields are designed. The accessibility framework determines component design — WCAG requirements are built into components rather than tested afterwards. The brand governance framework produces a documented visual language rather than implicit aesthetic taste. Each governance decision produces a specific, defensible design outcome.

Q4: What is a design system and why does it matter for nonprofit governance?

A design system is a documented library of reusable components — buttons, cards, forms, navigation patterns — that the website is built from. For governance, a design system enforces consistency without manual enforcement, allows new pages to be built without designer involvement, makes accessibility properties consistent across the site by building them into components, and enables the comms team to create content independently within defined parameters. It is the technical expression of the brand governance framework.

Q5: How should a nonprofit brief a designer for governance-first work?

The brief should specify: the stakeholder priority framework, the content ownership model, the accessibility standard required, the CMS architecture needed for content governance, the component requirements for team-independent page creation, and the documentation deliverables expected at close. A designer who responds with visual inspiration has not understood the brief. A designer who responds with an architecture proposal and component inventory has.

Q6: What are the most common governance failures in nonprofit website design?

Navigation designed around internal organisational structure rather than stakeholder journeys; CMS that allows inconsistent formatting because structured fields were never created; accessibility tested at launch but not built into component design; content updatable only by someone with design software knowledge; and design decisions made implicitly rather than documented, making it impossible to maintain consistency when the original designer is no longer involved. Each of these is a design governance failure with compounding long-term cost.

Q7: What design decisions should a nonprofit board be aware of?

Boards don't need to approve colour palettes but should be aware of: the stakeholder routing architecture, the accessibility compliance standard and how it's maintained, the content governance framework determining what gets published and by whom, and any significant changes to how the organisation is publicly represented. These are governance matters, not aesthetic ones. Boards that defer entirely to the communications team on website design may be unaware of the governance risks implicit in some design decisions.

Q8: How do you maintain design governance after a website launches?

Design governance after launch requires: a documented design system that new pages and content must adhere to, a review process for proposed changes to the design system, regular audits checking that published content meets documented standards, and clear ownership of the design governance framework — someone whose role includes maintaining standards and addressing deviations. Without active maintenance, design governance erodes as individuals make inconsistent decisions in the absence of enforced standards.

Q9: How does accessibility fit into a governance framework for nonprofit websites?

Accessibility is a governance requirement, not a design preference. WCAG 2.1 AA compliance is the legal standard for organisations with public accountability obligations. A governance framework for accessibility specifies the target compliance level, how accessibility is tested and maintained, who is responsible for compliance, and how issues are identified and resolved. Without this governance, accessibility is typically addressed as a one-time launch activity and then allowed to deteriorate as new content is added without accessibility review.

Q10: What is the relationship between content governance and design governance?

Content governance and design governance are interdependent. Structured CMS fields (design governance) make content governance easier because the system limits how content can be entered incorrectly. A content governance framework specifying who can publish what reinforces design governance by limiting who can introduce inconsistent content. The two frameworks should be developed together rather than sequentially — content governance requirements should inform CMS design from the project outset, not be retrofitted after build.